《叙利亚》内容简介
叙利亚，这个古老名词一直被用来指代一片拥有灿烂文明的土地。它位于欧亚大陆的十字路口，横跨东西方文明的交界线，具有重要的战略价值。几千年来，叙利亚先后成为亚述、埃及、波斯、希腊、罗马、阿拉伯等周边强权相互竞逐和交流的舞台，无数的军人、教士、商人、游牧者、冒险家在这里上演了一幕幕战争与和平的史诗。正是这样的历史背景，造就了叙利亚破碎而脆弱的社会底色。
19世纪，随着奥斯曼帝国的逐渐衰弱，叙利亚再次受到了帝国和地方权力交叉的冲击。无论是地方精英的统治，还是来自埃及的干涉，都轮番打破了这里原本就十分脆弱的权力平衡。一战后，一个独立的、立宪的阿拉伯叙利亚王国从奥斯曼帝国的废墟中崛起。然而欧洲列强的介入，使得独立和宪政的梦想最终破灭。伴随着争取国家独立的斗争，这片本就是被拼凑起来的土地，最终在二战后成为一个真正的国家实体，实现了从叙利亚地区到叙利亚国家的转变。然而独立后的叙利亚仍频繁发生暴力冲突，因为这片支离破碎的土地始终无法形成统一的认同。社会、地理、政治和民族的分歧，最终导致军人掌握了政治话语权。迈入21世纪的第二个十年后，这个国家再次产生裂痕，暴力与冲突成为叙利亚人挥之不去的梦魇。
本书的作者马修·雷伊将目光聚焦于叙利亚在1780—2013年之间的历史，探究了造成她破碎而脆弱现状的历史根源。
作者简介
马修·雷伊，法兰西公学院副教授，法国东方研究所当代研究中心主任，重点研究伊拉克和叙利亚的政治制度。他亲眼目睹了叙利亚危机的发展，并在许多出版物中进行了分析，还发表过演讲并发表了关于中东选举、发展政策、冷战的文章。
A brief introduction to Syria
Syria, an ancient term, has long been used to refer to a land with a splendid civilization. It is located at the crossroads of Eurasia, straddling the boundary line between Eastern and Western civilizations, and has great strategic value. For thousands of years, Syria has been a stage of competition and exchange between Assyrian, Egypt, Persia, Greece, Rome, Arabia and other surrounding powers, and countless soldiers, priests, merchants, nomads, adventurers staged an epic of war and peace here. It is this historical background that has created Syria's fractured and fragile society.
In the 19th century, with the gradual decline of the Ottoman Empire, Syria was again buffeted by the intersection of imperial and local powers. Both the rule of local elites and intervention from Egypt have upset the already fragile balance of power here. After World War I, an independent, constitutional Syrian Arab kingdom emerged from the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. The intervention of European powers, however, ended the dream of independence and constitutional government. Along with the struggle for national independence, this patchwork of land eventually became a true national entity after World War II, realizing the transformation from the Syrian region to the Syrian state. However, post-independence Syria is still prone to frequent violence, because the fragmented land has never been able to form a unified identity. Social, geographic, political, and ethnic divisions eventually led to the military taking over the political discourse. In the second decade of the 21st century, the country is once again fraying, with violence and conflict haunting Syrians.
Matthew Rey focuses on the history of Syria between 1780 and 2013, exploring the historical roots of its fractured and fragile status quo.
About the author
Matthew Rey is Associate Professor at the College de France and director of the Centre for Contemporary Studies at the French Institute of Oriental Studies, focusing on the political systems of Iraq and Syria. He has witnessed firsthand the unfolding crisis in Syria and has analyzed it in numerous publications, as well as lectured and published on elections in the Middle East, development policy, and the Cold War.
热门标签
书单推荐