《公民们》【内容简介】

　　西蒙·沙玛在这部充满挑战性、波澜壮阔的编年史中写道：在法国大革命前夕，旧制度远非奄奄一息，而是充满了活力和能量的迹象。这颠覆了许多传统观点。沙玛主张，大革命并没有产生一种“公民的爱国文化”，相反，在此之前这种文化就已经存在了。他认为，特权等级对新鲜血液持开放态度，“资本主义贵族”深入参与工业企业，支持技术革新。如果沙玛的观点是正确的，那么路易十六政权的财政危机并不必然会导致革命的结果，相反，是一种在浪漫主义支持下的、对暴力的崇拜引发了一个被偏执狂笼罩的国家的历史巨变。

　　【作者简介】

　　西蒙·沙玛是英国著名历史学家，现任美国纽约哥伦比亚大学艺术史和历史学的大学教授（UniversityProfessor），专长于艺术史、荷兰史、犹太人史和法国史。同时他还是英国广播公司的纪录片撰稿人和解说。他毕业于英国剑桥大学基督学院，曾在剑桥大学、牛津大学和巴黎社会科学高等研究院任教，1995年被遴选为剑桥大学基督学院的荣誉成员，2015年成为英国学术院通信会员，2017年成为英国皇家文学协会会员，2018年被英国女王册封为爵士。代表作有：《爱国者和解放者》（获得1977年度沃尔夫森奖和列奥·格什伊奖），《富庶的窘境：黄金时代荷兰文化解析》（获得1987年纽约时报年度最佳图书奖），《公民们：法国大革命编年史》（获得1989年纽约时报年度最佳图书奖和约克郡邮报图书奖，2008年被选入每日电讯报110种最佳图书），《风景与记忆》（获得1996年莱昂纳尔·特里林图书奖和WH.史密斯文学奖）《英国史》（获得2001年广播出版业杰出作者奖），《艺术的力量》，《犹太人的历史》等。

　　【译者简介】

　　俞敏，上海人，自由译者和撰稿人。本科英语专业，热爱翻译，喜于在语词的密林中探索，已出版译著数种。

　　祖国霞，北京林业大学外语学院英语系教授，英语语言文学和英汉笔译方向硕士生导师。研究方向为跨文化交际、西方文明史、环境史。主持多项科研课题，著有《欧文·豪社会政治批判研究》，译有《民族主义:走向现代的五条道路》（合译）等。

"Citizens" 【 Content Introduction 】

In this challenging and sweeping chronicle, Simon Schama writes: On the eve of the French Revolution, far from being moribund, the old system was full of signs of life and energy. This upends a lot of conventional wisdom. Sharma argues that the Revolution did not produce a "patriotic culture of citizens," but rather that such a culture existed before it. He argued that the privileged hierarchy was open to new blood, and that the "capitalist aristocracy" was deeply involved in industrial enterprises and supported technological innovation. If Schama's view is correct, then the financial crisis of Louis XVI's regime did not necessarily lead to a revolution, but rather a cult of violence, supported by Romanticism, triggered a historic upheaval in a country gripped by paranoia.

【 About the author 】

Simon Schama is a distinguished British historian and UniversityProfessor of Art History and History at Columbia University in New York, United States, specializing in art history, Dutch history, Jewish history and French history. He is also a documentary writer and journalist for the BBC. A graduate of Christ's College, Cambridge, UK, he has taught at the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford and the Institute for Advanced Social Sciences in Paris, was elected an Honorary Member of Christ's College, Cambridge in 1995, a corresponding Fellow of the British Academy in 2015, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2017, and was knighted by the Queen in 2018. The Patriots and Liberators (winner of the 1977 Wolfson Prize and the Leo Gershey Prize), The Affluence Dilemma: An Analysis of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age (winner of the 1987 New York Times Book of the Year Award), Citizens: Chronicles of the French Revolution (winner of the 1989 New York Times Book of the Year Award and the Yorkshire Post Book Award, selected for The Daily Telegraph's 110 Best Books in 2008), Landscape and Memory (winner of the 1996 Lionel Trilling Book Award and WH. Smith Literary Prize, A History of Britain (winner of the 2001 Broadcast Publishing Award for Outstanding Author), The Power of Art, A History of the Jews, etc.

What do you mean?

Yu Min is a freelance translator and writer from Shanghai. As an undergraduate majoring in English, I love translation and enjoy exploring in the dense forest of words. I have published several translations.

Guo Guoxia is a professor in the Department of English, College of Foreign Languages, Beijing Forestry University, and a master tutor in English Language and Literature and English-Chinese translation. His research interests include cross-cultural communication, history of Western civilization, and environmental history. He is the author of Owen Howe's Critical Study of Society and Politics, and the translator of Nationalism: Five Paths to Modernity.